Cookies on ScienceDirect
As explained in our privacy policy, sciencedirect.com and Linkinghub.elsevier.com collect information through the use of "cookies" or similar technologies. Cookies are widely used in order to make websites work, or work more efficiently, as well as to provide information to the owners of the site, and help them remember certain information about you, either for the duration of your visit (using a "session" cookie) or for repeat visits (using a "persistent" cookie).
The cookies used on this website are as follows:
- Strictly necessary cookies.
These cookies are essential in order to enable you to move around the website and use its features, such as accessing secure areas of the website. For example, authentication cookies are used to identify and recognize registered users and to enable them to gain access to requested content or features. Security cookies and related technologies, such as those provided by Threatmetrix and Cloudflare, are used to maintain online security and protect our website against fraud and abuse. Without these technologies, services you have asked for cannot be provided. - Functionality cookies.
These cookies allow our websites to remember the choices you make and your account preferences and to provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, these cookies will remember your log-in details. - Performance cookies.
These are analytics and research cookies that allow us to collect information about how visitors use a website, for instance which pages visitors go to most often, and if they get error messages from web pages. This helps us to improve the way the website works and allows us to test different ideas on the site. - Targeting cookies.
These cookies record your visit to the website, the pages you have visited and the links you have followed. We will use this information to make the website and the advertising displayed on it more relevant to your interests. We may also share this information with third parties for this purpose.
The table below explains performance and targeting cookies from our suppliers and their purpose. Please note that the cookies and other technologies may change over time.
Service | Purpose | More Info |
---|---|---|
Google Analytics and Google DoubleClick | These web analytics cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used to collect information about how visitors use our site. We use the information to compile reports and to help us improve the site. In addition, we use first-party cookies (such as the Google Analytics cookie) and third-party cookies (such as the Google DoubleClick cookie) together to help us measure and optimise the effectiveness of our online marketing campaigns. | See Google Analytics Cookies and Privacy Controls and DoubleClick Privacy and Security |
Adobe Analytics, Adobe Audience Manager, and Adobe Target | These web analytics cookies, provided by Adobe Systems Inc., are used to differentiate requests from different browsers and to store helpful information that an application can use later. The cookies provide the ability to test which online content and offers are more relevant to visitors. They may also be used to associate browsing information to customer records. In particular, Analytics uses cookies to anonymously define new visitors, help analyze clickstream data, and track historical activity on the website, such as response to particular campaigns or the length of the sales cycle. | See Adobe Analytics Cookies Controls |
Pendo | These cookies, provided by Pendo, are used for their embedded messaging and product analytics application so that we can gather and make best use of customer feedback and ensure that you do not see a survey you have completed again and again. | See Pendo Privacy Policy |
Usabilla | These cookies, provided by Usabilla, are used for their embedded feedback application so that we can gather and make best use of customer feedback and ensure that you do not see a survey you have completed again and again. | See Usabilla Privacy Policy |
These cookies, provided by Facebook, are set when a visitor is logged in to or otherwise using their service. This allows a user to easily comment or share an article with their peers through the Mendeley social network. They also deliver advertisements to website visitors to help us measure and optimise the effectiveness of our online marketing campaigns and service you with advertisements that may be relevant to you and your interests. | See Facebook Cookies Policy | |
New Relic | These cookies, provided by New Relic, Inc., are used to collect information about how visitors interact with our website. We use the information to compile reports and to help us improve the website. | See New Relic Privacy Policy |
How to refuse the use of cookies
You can prevent your browser from accepting certain cookies, have the browser require your consent before a new cookie is placed in your browser, or block cookies altogether by selecting the appropriate settings on your browser privacy preferences menu. To avoid receiving cookies on the browser of your mobile device, you will need to refer to its user manual. For information on how to opt-out of cookies set by our suppliers, please visit the applicable links listed in the table above. However, if you block certain cookies, you may not be able to register, log in to, access certain parts of or make full use of ScienceDirect.
The links below will help you find the settings for some common browsers:
- Manage cookie settings in Chrome and Chrome Android and Chrome iOS
- Manage cookie settings in Safari and Safari iOS
- Manage cookie settings in Firefox
- Manage cookie settings in Internet Explorer
- Manage cookie settings in Opera